2018年10月6日星期六

达赖喇嘛尊者向联合国秘书长的申诉(1959年9月9日)



尊贵的阁下:

请参阅1950年11月24日星期五举行的联合国大会常务理事会会议。为了给予有关方面以和平解决之机会,而搁置了讨论萨尔瓦多投诉的“外国武力侵略西藏〞的议题。我深感遗憾的是,这一侵略行为,已大为推进,实际上,整个西藏都在中国军队的占领之下。为了和平和友好地解决这一问题,我和我的政府多次进行了呼吁,但是这些呼吁均没有得到积极回应。在这种境况下,鉴于西藏人民遭受的非人道待遇和这种违犯人性和宗教的罪行,我恳请联合国立即介入,并由常务理事会讨论被搁置的关于对西藏问题的提议。就这一问题,我和我的政府愿再次强调,1950年,当中国军队入侵西藏时,西藏乃是一个主权独立的国家。

以下西藏政府提供的证据,可支持这一论点:

1,自从十三世达赖喇嘛在1912年宣告独立以来,中国政府从未在西藏境内或对西藏行使过任何权力。

2,在此一时期西藏之主权地位,可从西藏政府直接在这些年间,签定了多达五项国际条约之事实,获得确凿证据。

3,1914年英藏条约承认西藏之主权地位,并赋与西藏全权代表和大不列颠,以及中国代表同等地位。此条约无疑对外西藏的主权施加了某些限制,但并未影响其内西藏的地位。并且,印度政权移交后,这些限制不再有效。

4,没有任何现存或有效力的国际条约,使西藏或任何其他国家承认中国对西藏有宗主权。

5,西藏的主权地位,可以从第二次大战期间,大不列颠王国和中国政府,都接受了西藏方面坚持的中立,只允许军事物资从印度经由西藏运往中国。

6,西藏的主权地位同样被其他国家承认。1948年,西藏政府贸易代表团访问印度、法国、意大利、英国和美国期间,西藏政府签发的护照,均被这些国家政府接受。

阁下,我和我的政府,从人道主义角度,恳请联合国立即进行干预。自从西藏的领土完整被侵犯,中国军队已触犯了普遍承认的法则:

1,中国方面剥夺了数以千计的西藏人的财产和他们赖以生存的所有资源,驱使他们走向死亡和冒死反抗。

2,强迫男人、女人和儿童进入劳工队,从事军事工程建筑,而没有任何报酬或只有名义上的报酬。

3,为了彻底灭绝西藏民族,对男人和女人实施极不人道的残忍的绝育办法。


4,数以千计的无辜西藏人被野蛮地屠杀。

5,很多例子可以证明,在没有任何理由的情况下,许许多多西藏精英被杀害。

6,不择手段地摧毁我们的宗教和文化。数以千计的寺院被夷为平地,圣像和宗教器物被彻底破坏。生命和财产不再有保障。拉萨——国家的首都,现今已成为死城。我的人民正在经历的痛苦难以形容,必须立即制止这种对我的人民肆意杀害行为。

正是在以上情况下,我向阁下和联合国呼吁,并希望我们的呼吁,将得到应有的关注。


达赖喇嘛

1959年9月9日 



英文原文:

New Delhi
september 9, 1959

His Excellency Secretary General
United Nations
New York


Your Excellency,

Kindly refer to the proceeding of the General Committee of the United Nations General Assembly held on Friday, November24, 1950, at which it was resolved that the consideration of El Salvador's complaint against "invasion of Tibet by foreign forces"should be adjourned in order to give the parties the opportunity

to arrive at a peaceful settlement. It is with the deepest regret that I am informing you that the act of aggression has been substantially extended with the result that practically the whole of Tibet under the occupation of the Chinese forces. I and my Government have made several appeals for peaceful and friendly settlement, but so far these appeals have been completely ignored. Under these circumstances, and in view of the inhuman treatment and crimes against humanity and religion to which the people of Tibet are being subjected, I solicit immediate intervention of the United Nations and consideration by the General Committee on its own initiative of the Tibetan issue, which had been adjourned. In this connection I and my Government wish to emphasize that Tibet was a sovereign State at the time when her temtorial integrity

was violated by the Chinese armies in 1950. In support of this contention the Government of Tibet urges the following:

First, no power of authority was exercised by the Government of China in or over Tibet since the Declaration of Independence by the Thirteenth Dalai Lama in 1912.

Second, the sovereign status of Tibet during this period finds conclusive evidence in the fact that the Government of Tibet concluded as many as five international agreements immediately before and during these years.

Third, the government of Tibet takes its stand on the Anglo-Tibet Convention of 1914 which recognized the sovereign status of Tibet and accorded the same position to the Tibetan plenipotentiary

as was given to the representatives of Great Britain and China. It is true that this convention imposed certain restrictions on the external sovereignty of Tibet, but these did not deprive her of her internal position. Moreover, these restrictions ceased to have any effect on the transfer of power in India.

Fourth, there is no valid and subsisting international agreement under which Tibet or any other power recognized Chinese suzerainty.

Fifth, the sovereign status of Tibet is equally evident from the fact that during the Second World War Tibet insisted on maintaining her neutrality and only allowed the transport of nonmilitary goods from India to China through Tibet. This position was accepted by the Governments of Great Britain and China.

Sixth, the sovereign status has also been recognized by other powers. In 1948 when the Trade Delegation from the Govemment of Tibet visited India, France, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America, the passport issued by the Tibetan Govemment was accepted by the of these countries.

Your Excellency, I and my government also solicit immediate intervention of the United Nations on humanitarian grounds. Since their violation of the territorial integrity of Tibet, the Chinese forces have committed the following offenses against the universally accepted laws of conduct:

First, they have dispossessed thousands of Tibetans of their propertis, and deprived them of every source of livelihood, and thus driven them to death and desperation.

Second, men, women, and children have been pressed into labor gangs and made to work on military constructions without payment or on nominal payment.

Third, they have adopted cruel and inhuman measures for the purpose of sterilizing men and women with view to the total extermination of the Tibetan race.

Fourth, thousands of innocent people of Tibet have been brutally massacred.

Fifth, there have been many case of murder of leading citizens of Tibet without any cause or justification.

Sixth, every attempt has been made to destroy our religion and culture. Thousands of monasteries have been razed to the ground and sacred images and articles of religion completely destroyed. Life and properly are no longer safe, and Lhasa, the capital of the State, is now a dead city. The sufferings which my people are undergoing are beyond description, and it is imperatively necessary that this wanton and ruthless murder of my people should be immediately brought to an end. It is under these circumstances that I appeal to you and the United Nations in the confident hope that our appeal will receive the consideration it deserves.

The Dalai Lama


汉文转自达赖喇嘛尊者官方网站:http://www.dalailamaworld.com/topic.php?t=215
英文转自My Land and My People——MEMOIRS OF THE DALAI LAMA OF TIBET

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