噶玛寺（又写成嘎玛寺），位于藏东康地（今西藏自治区昌都地区）昌都县嘎玛乡，是藏传佛教噶玛噶举派祖寺，也是藏传佛教活佛转世制度开始的地方，是昌都地区三大寺之一，由第一世噶玛巴仁波切都松钦巴创建于公元1185年。
噶玛寺本是深山中的古寺，但在文革之前、当中被毁，后于1980年代重建。如今寺院僧侣人数，当局给的编制是128名，但实际上有两百多名，年纪最大者85岁，年纪最轻的15岁。
自2008年全藏地爆发藏人忍无可忍的抗议之后，藏地局势日益恶化。在当局愈发压迫的政策下，在安多阿坝和康地甘孜、道孚等地，接踵发生了十二起藏人僧尼自焚事件，令世界关注。
10月27日，BBC中文网报道“西藏昌都政府大楼被炸弹炸毁”，其中称“在被炸毁的政府建筑的墙上用红字写有‘西藏独立’的标语”。显然此报道的标题过于耸人听闻。因为其他报道中，说明的是“昌都县嘎玛乡的一处政府建筑发生爆炸”。去过藏地的人都知道，藏地每个乡都不大，乡政府的建筑物也就是简陋的平顶水泥房，根本没有什么“大楼”。
由于当局禁止境外媒体及任何国际组织进藏调查与采访，所以外媒往往转载新华社的报道。而这些报道都没有一张现场图片为证。据说此爆炸发生在凌晨4点，没有造成人员受伤。
这是一个十分蹊跷的爆炸事件。2008年在藏东康地（昌都地区贡觉县相皮乡、昌都地区芒康县）也是有所谓爆炸发生，而且也是抓捕、判刑了许多僧人，事实上却是当地政府制造的“国会纵火案”，为的是一方面将藏人的和平抗议诬陷为“恐怖活动”，一方面获得升官发财的嘉奖机会，乃其政绩。
正如三年前对贡觉县相皮乡通夏寺、芒康县维色寺的迫害，当局对嘎玛乡噶玛寺展开了疯狂的迫害。事发第二天，大量军警进入嘎玛乡，严禁任何人出入，并关闭了噶玛寺，封锁了进出该寺的路。寺院所有僧人被当局人员拍照、抽血、留下笔迹。
约有几十名僧人在夜里逃离寺院，上山避难。
最新得到的来自藏地的消息说，八九天前，多辆载满武装军警的车闯入噶玛寺，抓捕了约70多名僧人，目前这些被捕僧人没有音讯，不知下落。
而从噶玛寺逃到山上避难的几十名僧人，状况也很危急。正值冬季，高原气候极度寒冷，山上已被大雪覆盖，逃难中的僧侣们饥寒交迫，困苦难当。
可是，包括噶玛乡在内的附近乡村，甚至附近的囊谦县（今青海省玉树藏族自治州境内），都来了很多全副武装的军人和警察，在干部的带领下，搜查藏人家庭。
目前，留在噶玛寺的只剩下一些年迈老僧。寺院及僧人的家庭都被警告，如果逃跑的僧人不返回寺院，政府将会枪毙已抓捕的僧人。
来自藏地的消息说，是有乡政府的房子被炸，但那是一个简陋、低劣的房子。还说根本不是寺院僧人炸的，究竟是谁炸的，政府官员心里很明白。
Officials Force Monks' Return
2011-11-09
Senior leaders of a Tibetan monastery are warned to return or face gunfire.
Chinese authorities in Tibet are forcing the return of monks and nuns to a monastery abandoned following a bomb attack on a government building, warning senior leaders that they could be shot if they fail to heed the order, according to sources in Tibet.
At least 10 of the monks and nuns have been unaccounted for following the Oct. 26 bombing in the Chamdo prefecture of the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR), which took place in the early morning hours and caused no injuries.
But it brought Chinese security forces into the area in large numbers, leading the monks and nuns of nearby Karma monastery—suspected of involvement in the blast—to flee harassment by government authorities and police.
“On Oct. 30, the authorities called all residents of the Karma area to a meeting and ordered that the monks and nuns who had left return within three days or face arrest,” a Tibetan resident told RFA.
“They said that if the monastery’s senior leaders did not return within two days, they would be shot.”
Armed police then forced their way into retreat centers in nearby areas and made lists of all the monks residing there, the source said.
The rooms of monasteries in neighboring counties like Nangchen were also ransacked and searched, he said.
Detained, unaccounted for
On Nov. 5, senior Nangchen religious leaders Khenpo Lodroe Rabsel and Khenpo Namse Sonam were detained at the remote locations where they had gone into retreat. A layman at nearby Gar monastery was also detained, the source said.
“Karma Norbu and three other monks of Karma monastery were detained and taken away,” the source said, adding that a monk of Karma monastery who was found at nearby Dzigar monastery, also in Chamdo, was also taken away.
Ten or more of the monks and nuns who had left Karma monastery and were later picked up by Chinese forces are unaccounted for, he said.
About 40 monks and nuns have now been returned to Karma monastery, where they are being forced by authorities to attend daily meetings, the source said.
The monastery had been abandoned after security forces and police photographed each monk, took blood samples, and forced them to provide three handwriting samples each, the resident in the area said.
Before they left, the monks and nuns set up a poster in the temple courtyard saying they were fleeing under pressure and that the Chinese should “run the monastery themselves.”
“The keys to the monastery were left behind,” the source said
Reported by RFA’s Tibetan service. Translations by Karma Dorjee. Written in English by Richard Finney.
http://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/return-11092011155428.html
【原文配图：阿坝、甘孜的地理位置】
