朱瑞——一位敢於正視藏人苦難的漢人作家

等待晋见达赖喇嘛尊者（摄于2008年12月30日）

文/德吉

寫朱瑞女士之前，我希望自己如同她一樣也是一位作家，這樣，我筆下的她，一定更令人欽佩和尊敬。但作為媒體人，我只能在文風不足之下，概括地寫出與她相識和相知的幾個片斷。

我們是在共同的友人、西藏著名作家唯色女士的介紹下認識的。但是對我和大多數懂中、英文的藏人來說，朱瑞並不陌生。她那些有關西藏內容的作品，無論是小說、散文、詩歌、還是雜文，都以獨特的見解、理性的思維，震撼著我。

她是真實的，從不虛假和矯揉造作。

2008年11月上旬，她初抵印度時告訴我，“達蘭薩拉是我夢寐以求的地方！”如她所願，在達蘭薩拉，她拜見到了她一生中最敬仰的人——達賴喇嘛尊者。她形容尊者雖如慈父般親切，但仍然有著王者的尊貴，不過，不是統治人的王，而是保護臣民的王，讓人只想在尊者的羽翼下，體味著人生正常的喜怒哀樂。

8月8日，北京奧運會開始時，朱瑞女士發表了寫給達賴喇嘛尊者的公開信，表達了一個漢人對藏人悲苦的命運的同情和對尊者的無限崇敬，並且，這種崇敬，將延續她生生世世。

11月22日，朱瑞女士與來自世界各國的10名民運人士在達蘭薩拉達賴喇嘛尊者的宮邸受到尊者的親自接見。朱瑞說：“在兩個多小時的接見中，尊者從沒有說過一句冠冕堂皇的話，他認真地，平等地和每一個人交流。尊者達賴喇嘛尊重一切生命，信任一切生命，在他的世界裏，沒有等級之分。從這裏，我理解了流亡社會裏民主制度根深蒂固的原因。其實，那些中共領導人，實在該見一見尊者，明瞭這個世界除了假、惡，和獨裁以外，還有真、善，和民主的存在。並且，後者的生存空間更加廣闊。在我看來，反對尊者，在某種程度上，就是和這個世界對立。也是在暴露他們自己的罪惡。”

在達蘭薩拉近兩個月的時間裏，她先後採訪了第十七世噶舉派法王——噶瑪巴仁波切、西藏流亡政府首席部長桑東仁波切、西藏流亡政府教育部部長圖登龍日、宗教與文化部部長次仁彭措、外交與新聞部部長達拉·格桑央吉女士和內政部副秘書長歐珠多吉等，其中部分採訪錄已發表在唯色博客、博訊等中文網站上，並被多家媒體轉載。

除了通過採訪，深入瞭解西藏傳統宗教與文化在流亡社區的延續與發展、西藏流亡政府各部門的運作、民主體制與教育事業的發展、藏中對話進展和未來西藏的前景等以外，她還專門訪問了非官方組織，比如「西藏前政治犯九十三運動」和「西藏青年會」等。她說：“這兩個組織，和中共的宣傳有著本質的不同，不僅不是恐怖組織，在我看來，簡直是名正言順的慈善機構。”

憑著對西藏根深蒂固的瞭解，她的忙碌是沒有局限性的。她還不忘與達蘭薩拉流亡社區和流亡政府裏的部分熟識且精通西藏傳統民俗、原西藏貴族生活方式、文學與藝術的西藏長者和年輕人進行交流與溝通。

她從不浪費時間，即使在吃飯喝茶時，都會自然地把周圍的人帶到工作中。她總是這樣，以與生俱來的善良、誠懇和熱心與每一個人接觸。在這裏，包括我在內，很多與她接觸過的人都會說：“她前世一定是一個藏人。”

她和唯色女士曾在拉薩的《西藏文學》雜誌社一起工作過，作為同事又是知己，她對唯色的作品有著獨特的見解：“在中國的許多文學作品墮落成華麗的僵屍的時候，唯色的作品，卻質樸地，健康地，和格外鮮活地朝我們走來。她的文字的精製，已被自然和桀驁不馴覆蓋了，這是文學的大境界，這樣的作品毫無疑問，有著廣闊的前景。這也是那些不懂文學精髓的人，無法理解的。”

“和那些體制內的作家不一樣，唯色從沒有為了既得利益，繞過西藏的苦難，寄居在某些文學流派，或者主義裏，遊刃有餘地玩弄文字遊戲。也沒有絞盡腦汁地以某些技術和新奇，裝飾她的文字，從而使自己在中國的文學圈裏招搖。她一絲不苟地以一個藏人和作家的良心，忠實地寫她看見的一切，她是她這個時代的見證人。寫不盡的西藏苦難，深厚的文學底蘊，和對美的準確無誤的理解，使她的文字自然，蓬勃，具有一種超越塵俗之美。”

朱瑞一向用行動為西藏問題儘早獲得解決而發聲。她通過極具說服力的文筆，在藏人和漢人之間搭建橋樑，致力於消除雙方誤解，加深彼此的瞭解和認識。尤其是她在華人中間，介紹西藏的歷史、文化、民俗、政治、民族特性和悲慘現狀。2008年3月，遍佈整個藏區的反中共統治示威活動遭到中共軍警的血腥鎮壓後，她誠實地向世人展現了藏人苦難的現實，寫下了有理有據的調查報告：《為什麼藏人要抗議》。由於深深的西藏情結，把她推上與藏人同呼吸、共患難的命運，因此，她對西藏前景的擔憂，絕不亞於飽受苦難的藏人。

對於西藏問題的認識，朱瑞女士說：“一位仍然生活在大陸的漢人作家說過，他支持西藏獨立，不為別的，就為了藏人身上那種強烈的民族意識；另一位長期居住在達蘭薩拉的英國人也說，‘面對資源越來越貧乏的中國，西藏問題的解決，似乎更加無望。不過，只要藏人能夠保持西藏的文化傳統，總在一天，西藏問題會解決，因為任何朝代都有崩潰的時候，沒有一個朝代是永遠的’。 我同意以上的說法。對我來說，我支持藏人自己的選擇。獨立也好，自治也好，那是他們的權力。而通向這個目的，目前看來，有兩條比較重要的途徑：第一，像尊者說的那樣，和中國民眾交流。現在，流亡社區裏的四個非官方性組織（西藏前政治犯九十三運動、西藏婦女會、西藏全國民主黨、自由西藏學生運動），已開始了聲援08憲章的活動，這也是和中國民眾進行交流的一個非常有效的方式。第二，保護西藏傳統文化，使藏民族永存。”

12月30日，朱瑞女士專訪了尊者達賴喇嘛。她向我談到對這次訪談的看法和感受時說：“我比上一次更強烈地感受到法王的真摯和慈悲。擁有尊者，事實上，不僅是藏人的幸運，也是人類幸運，尤其是漢人的幸運。希望有一天，越來越多的漢人能看到這個事實。到那時，中國人才真正地走出弱肉強食的強盜邏輯，看見了中共政權，為藏民族製造了怎樣深重的苦難。”

2009年1月4日，朱瑞女士前往印度佛教聖地瓦拉納西聆聽尊者達賴喇嘛的傳法。她在離開前很自豪地說：“達蘭薩拉，比世界上任何一個現代城市都更吸引我，從某種意義上說，這裏是我的家，也是我懺悔的地方！”

2009年1月6日 達蘭薩拉

附：朱瑞簡介

朱瑞，女，生於中國東北。現居加拿大。出版過詩集、散文集，及若干中短篇小說，大部分作品以西藏為主題。2008年 3月西藏抗暴發生後，在網路上陸續發表了《藏人為何要抗議》、《軍隊、機槍和子彈，控制不了藏人的心》、《寫給某些中國人》、《迎請達賴喇嘛》、《極端的民族主義情緒，對漢藏兩族都不利》、《致尊者達賴喇嘛的信》、《但願當權者不要錯過良機》、《西藏的希望》、《專訪阿嘉活佛》、《專訪17世噶瑪巴法王》、《專訪西藏流亡政府教育部部長圖丹龍熱》、《到底是漢人》等文章。

英译部分如下：

Zhu Rui- - A Chinese Writer Who Dares to Face Tibetan Sufferings

By Dekyi

Before writing about Ms. Zhu Rui, I hoped that I could be a writer as skilled as she, thus showing her to be as praiseworthy and respected as she really is. However, as a media professional, restrained by an insufficient literary style, I can only describe the time we spent together, broken up into small pieces.

We were introduced by our common friend, Woeser, a famous female Tibetan writer. But for Tibetans who know Chinese and the English language, Ms. Zhu Rui is not a stranger. What shocked me about Ms. Zhu Rui is the Tibet-related content of her novels, poetry, prose, or essays, with unique insights, rational thinking.

What struck me was that she was truthful, sincere, and genuine.

At the beginning when she first arrived in India in early November 2008, she told me, "Dharamsala is the place which I long for even in dreams!" In Dharamshala her dream came true and she paid a formal visit to His Holiness the Dalai Lama, the most admired person in her life. She described the Dalai Lama as a kind father and gracious God, but still retaining a king's honor, not like that of the ruler, but of the protector, that lets people experience the joys and sorrows of a normal life under His wings.

On August 8, the Beijing Olympic Games started, and Ms. Zhu Rui wrote to His Holiness the Dalai Lama an Open Letter, expressing a Han’s perspective and offers sympathy for the plight of Tibetan people and to His Holiness infinite respect, and explaining how this kind of respect will continue for generations.

On November 22, Ms. Zhu Rui was officially received by His Holiness the Dalai Lama with 10 Chinese Democratic activists from various countries at His residence in Dharamsala. Zhu Rui said: "In more than two hours of interview, without saying any pompous words, His Holiness was impressive-looking, and He treated each person earnestly and as equals during the exchange of thoughts. The Dalai Lama respects all lives, and he trusts all lives. In his world, there is no division of rank. From herein, I understand why the democratic system in the exiled community is deep-rooted. The Chinese Communist leaders should come and meet the Dalai Lama to better understand that the world is not full of deceit, evil, and dictatorship, but that there is honesty, decency, and democracy. The last three will last forever. In my opinion, when they oppose His Holiness, they oppose the world, and in doing so, inadvertently expose their evil. "

In nearly two months in Dharamsala, she has interviewed the 17th Karmapa Rinpoche, the Highest Lama of Kagyu sect, Prof. Samdhong Rinpoche, the Prime Minister of the Tibetan government-in-exile, Mr. Thupten Lungrig, the Minister of the Department of Education, Ven. Tsering Phuntsok, the Minister of the Department of Culture and Religion, Mrs. Takla Kelsang Yangkyi, Minister of the Department of Information and International Relations, and Mr. Ngodup Dorjee, Additional Secretary of the Department of Home, and so on. Some of her interviews have already been published in Woeser’s blog and other Chinese websites such as Boxun. These have been thoroughly covered by the media.

Through a series of interviews to achieve a deeper understanding of the development of traditional Tibetan religion and culture, the operation of various departments of Tibet's exiled government, the development of a democratic system, educational undertakings, the progress of Tibet-China dialogue, and the future prospects of Tibet. She also visited nongovernmental organizations. The Gu-Chu-Sum Movement, or the Tibetan ex-political prisoners Association, and the Tibetan Youth Congress were among those she visited. She said: "These two organizations have the essential difference with Chinese Communist Party's propaganda; these are not the Terrorist organizations. In my opinion, such organizations are the perfectly justifiable charities. "

Her passion combined with her thorough knowledge of the Tibetan issue has given her a drive that knows no limitation. Her need for deeper understanding of the Tibetan experience has brought her into both the public exile community in Dharamsala as well as Government offices to exchange and communicate with the elder and younger Tibetan people who know well and are proficient in Tibetan traditional folk custom, the original Tibet aristocrat life style, and the literature and art of Tibet.

She never wastes time, even when she is eating or drinking tea, naturally attracting the people around her to discuss her work. She is always like that, with an inherent kindness, sincerity, and warmth to each person. Many people, myself included, who have had the pleasure of meeting Zhu Rui have said that “in her previous life she was certainly a Tibetan."

Ms. Zhu Rui and Ms. Woeser once worked together at "Tibetan Literature" magazine in Lhasa. As both colleagues and friends, she has a unique insight into Woeser’s work. She described: "Many Chinese literary works look very nice, full of gratifying words but lack any substance. Woeser’s work however, is simple but vigorous, packed with fresh ideas and is gaining popularity. Her writing style is delicate and it comes naturally. Tibetan literature is a big literary realm and there is no doubt that such writings have broad prospects. Those that do not appreciate superior literature will not fully understand her great writing."

"Unlike those writers that work within the Communist system, Woeser has never ignored the plight of Tibet in favor of her personal interest, or stay in one literary genre or doctrine to play the words game. She has never tried to use technology and novelty to decorate her words to flaunt herself in the literary circles of China. As a Tibetan and a writer, she meticulously and faithfully writes about everything she saw. She was a witness to this era. She writes endlessly of the sufferings of Tibetan people. She has a profound background in literature and a keen sense of beauty, and her stories are natural and vigorous, and transcend words."

Ms. Zhu Rui uses her voice to affect action when it comes to resolving the Tibet issue as soon as possible. Through her persuasive writing style, she has built bridges between Tibetans and Han Chinese, eliminate mutual misunderstanding, and to create bonds and recognition between the two sides. She introduces to the Chinese people Tibetan history, culture, folk-customs, politics, national identity, and the current miserable situation. Since the March 2008 protests throughout Tibet against Chinese Communist Party rule and ensuing bloody crackdown by Chinese military and police, she has shown the world the reality of Tibetan suffering, and wrote a well-founded investigative report: "Why Tibetans Want to protest". Zhu Rui has deep love for and shares a connection with Tibet. She breathes the same air as Tibetans, and in the face of total adversity, she worries about the future of Tibet, as she worries about the suffering of Tibetans.

On public awareness of the Tibet issue, Ms. Zhu Rui said: "a Chinese writer still living on the mainland said that he supported independence for Tibet for no other reason but for the Tibetan people who have a strong national consciousness. An Englishman who has stayed in Dharamshala for a long time said that 'in the face of increasingly scarce resources of China, the Tibet issue seems even more hopeless. However, as long as the Tibetan people keep the traditional Tibetan culture, one day, the Tibet issue will be resolved, because dynasties collapse - no one is forever.' I agree to the above statement. For me, I support Tibetans own choices. Independence or autonomy - that is their right to opinion. The path to this end, it seems, there are two important ways: First, like His Holiness the Dalai Lama said, to communicate with the Chinese people. Now, the four non-government organizations in the exile community (Gu-Chu-Sum movement, the Former Political Prisoners Association, the Tibetan Women's Association, Tibetan National Democratic Party, and Students for a Free Tibet), have started supporting activities outlined in 2008 Charter. Showing solidarity is an effective way to communicate and build relationships with the Chinese. Second, to protect Tibetan traditional culture, and make the Tibetan people last forever."

On December 30, Ms. Zhu Rui interviewed His Holiness the Dalai Lama. She told me when it comes to the views and feelings about the interview she "…felt His sincerity and compassion, more strongly than the first time. To have the Dalai Lama is not only Tibetan luck, but rather that of all people, especially Han Chinese luck. I hope one day that more Chinese will realize this. At that time, Chinese people will leave behind the gangster logic of the strong preying upon the weak. Then they will see how the Chinese Communist regime inflicts great suffering upon the Tibetan people."

January 4, 2009, Ms. Zhu Rui left for the holy city of Varanasi in India to receive teachings offered by His Holiness the Dalai Lama. Before leaving, she was very proud to say: "Dharamsala is more attractive to me than any other modern cities in the world. In a sense this is my home and place of repentance!"

January 8, 2009, Dharamsala

Add: Profile Zhu Rui

Zhu Rui, female, was born in northeastern China. Now she lives in Canada. She has published several novels, poems, essays, and a number of short stories. Most of her work is related to Tibet. In March 2008 after the uprising in Tibet, Ms. Zhu Rui published many articles on the Internet, including "Why Tibetans Want to Protest", "The Army, Machine Guns, and Bullets, Not Control the Hearts of Tibetans", "Write to Some Chinese", "Invite The Dalai Lama "," Extreme Nationalist Sentiment on both Chinese and Tibetan Communities Are Disadvantaged", "A Letter to His Holiness the Dalai Lama", "Hope the One in Power Doesn’t Miss This Opportunity ", "Hope of Tibet", "Exclusive Interview with Arjia Rinpoche", "Exclusive Interview with the 17th Karmapa Rinpoche", "Exclusive Interview with Mr. Thupten Lungrig, the Minister of the Department of Education", "In the End, Han is Han" and other articles.

Originally written in Mandarin, translated by Dekyi on 8 January, 2009.

（以上转自《国际西藏邮报》）